Thiên lệch hành vi và ra quyết định trong giáo dục: Góc nhìn từ kinh tế học hành vi

Tóm tắt

This paper applies a behavioral economics perspective to analyze behavioral biases that influence decision-making processes in education and proposes intervention strategies to enhance the quality of educational decisions. The study employs a systematic literature review combined with theoretical analysis, drawing upon seminal works in behavioral economics and educational research. The findings indicate that the decisions of learners, teachers, parents, and educational administrators are affected by various cognitive biases, including present bias, status quo bias, confirmation bias, framing effect, anchoring effect, herding behavior, and overconfidence bias. These biases shape decisions related to educational and career choices, learning strategies, instructional innovation, and educational management practices. Based on these findings, the study proposes a behavioral framework for education consisting of four interconnected components: behavioral biases - educational decisions - consequences - behavioral interventions (nudges). The paper also suggests the application of behavioral nudges as a means of supporting educational stakeholders in making more effective decisions in the context of educational reform and digital transformation.