Tổ chức dạy học nội dung “Ánh sáng” (Khoa học tự nhiên 9) theo định hướng giáo dục STEM nhằm bồi dưỡng năng lực giải quyết vấn đề cho học sinh

Tóm tắt

STEM education serves as a vital orientation that enables students to apply interdisciplinary knowledge to solve real-world problems. In the Grade 9 Natural Science curriculum, the “Light” section is highly visual and applicable, making it exceptionally well-suited for organizing design-and-build activities to develop student competencies. This study proposes a problem-solving competency framework consisting of five components and 13 behavioral indicators, alongside a corresponding STEM teaching process. The framework was illustrated through the “Classroom Cinema” topic to evaluate its effectiveness in fostering this competency for 9th-grade students. Experimental results involving six students demonstrated that the assessment tool possessed high reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.805). The mean problem-solving competence score was 2.13 ± 0.26 on a three-point scale, reflecting a “Good” (Above Average) level. While students demonstrated proficiency in blueprinting, information synthesis, and result documentation, they encountered difficulties in monitoring and adjusting solutions. The study confirms that adopting a STEM approach for the “Light” section creates a favorable environment for students to manifest and develop problem-solving competence through practical tasks. To enhance generalizability, future research should expand the sample size, incorporate control groups, and further standardize the assessment instrument.