Thiết kế câu hỏi theo định hướng PISA nhằm phát triển năng lực vận dụng kiến thức, kĩ năng đã học cho học sinh trung học cơ sở trong dạy học môn Khoa học tự nhiên

Tóm tắt

In teaching Natural Sciences under the 2018 General Education Curriculum, developing students’ competence in applying acquired knowledge and skills requires teachers to design questions situated in real-life contexts that require students to use scientific knowledge to solve problems. This article proposes a framework and a procedure for designing PISA-oriented questions to support the development of this competence among Grade 7 students. Document analysis was combined with a survey of 30 Natural Sciences teachers and 227 Grade 7 students in Hanoi; the application of the proposed procedure is illustrated through the chapter “Metabolism and Energy Transformation in Living Organisms”. The survey data show that knowledge-recall questions are still used more frequently, whereas PISA-oriented and interdisciplinary questions remain limited; teachers also face difficulties due to the lack of specific instructional materials. Based on theoretical and practical evidence, the article develops an integrated matrix comprising four competence components and three cognitive levels. It proposes a six-step procedure for designing PISA-oriented questions. This proposal provides a reference for teachers in designing questions aligned with the expected learning outcomes, thereby contributing to the competence-based assessment reform in Natural Sciences teaching.