Tổng quan nghiên cứu về kiệt sức làm cha mẹ có con rối loạn phổ tự kỉ và định hướng nghiên cứu trong bối cảnh Việt Nam
Tóm tắt
Raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) places parents under prolonged pressure, increasing the risk of parental burnout. This article aims to review, systematize, and evaluate scientific evidence regarding the current state, measurement tools, and factors associated with parental burnout among parents of children with ASD, thereby identifying research gaps and proposing specific directions for the Vietnamese context. The review results indicate that parental burnout is a multidimensional psychological syndrome resulting from a prolonged imbalance between risk factors and resources (based on the BR² model). Challenging child behaviors such as sleep disturbances, hyperactivity, and aggression and perceived social support (particularly from a spouse) exert the strongest and most consistent influence; meanwhile, the impacts of demographic factors, courtesy stigma, and gender role pressures differ markedly between Eastern and Western contexts. Notably, the study identifies a methodological gap: in Vietnam, existing research offers only indirect evidence based on measures of stress or caregiving burden and lacks longitudinal or direct studies utilizing the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation to assist clinicians and researchers in Vietnam in selecting and culturally adapting the PBA tool, while also guiding the development of psychological intervention programs and family support policies tailored to East Asian cultural characteristics.
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