Dạy học chủ đề “Tìm hai số khi biết hiệu và tỉ số của hai số đó” (Toán 5) theo tiếp cận lí thuyết giáo dục toán thực (RME)

Tóm tắt

In the context of reforming primary mathematics education toward a competence-based approach, Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is considered an appropriate framework as it emphasizes the use of real-life contexts as a starting point for mathematization. This paper aims to investigate the application of RME in teaching the topic “Finding Two Numbers Given Their Difference and Ratio” for Grade 5 students, thereby clarifying how the principles and characteristics of RME can be implemented in classroom practice. The study proposes a five-step instructional process accompanied by illustrative examples, enabling students to construct mathematical knowledge in a natural and logical manner from real-world situations. The findings indicate that the application of RME enhances visualization, promotes active student engagement, and supports the development of problem-solving competencies. Additionally, the study provides useful pedagogical references for teachers in innovating mathematics teaching methods at the primary level.