Đặc điểm phát triển của trẻ rối loạn phổ tự kỉ 3-6 tuổi tại Việt Nam: Tổng quan nghiên cứu theo khung ICF-CY

Tóm tắt

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. In Vietnam, research on ASD has increased in recent years but remains fragmented. This study conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020, synthesizing 18 empirical studies on preschool children with ASD. The findings indicate three core areas of difficulty: impairments in social communication and language; sensory processing and regulation difficulties; and uneven developmental profiles, with language and social functioning more severely affected than motor skills. Additionally, comorbid conditions such as attention difficulties, sleep disturbances, and emotional-behavioral problems are common. Overall, the developmental profile of preschool children with ASD is multidimensional yet uneven, with social communication and sensory processing as central features. Interpreting these findings within the ICF-CY framework highlights the relationships among impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, and suggests directions for future research, particularly longitudinal and functionoriented studies.