Thực trạng tham gia và hành vi giao tiếp của trẻ 18–36 tháng tuổi chậm nói tại một số trường mầm non ở Hà Nội

Early Participation and Communication Patterns of Late-Talking Toddlers (18–36 Months) in Preschool Classrooms: Evidence from Hanoi, Vietnam

Tóm tắt

Early language development between 18-36 months represents a critical window for vocabulary growth and social communication. However, an increasing number of late talkers has been reported in Vietnam, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a cross-sectional descriptive design combined with inferential statistics (Chi-square, t-test, effect size analysis) to examine participation and communication behaviors of 60 late-talking toddlers in preschools in Hanoi. Findings indicate that most children demonstrated limited active participation and relied heavily on nonverbal communication behaviors. Participation level is significantly associated with sustained interaction (χ² = 8.74, p = .013; Cramer’s V = .27). Independent t-test results reveal a very large effect size (d = 1.65), demonstrating substantial differences in communication behaviors between actively engaged and less engaged children. The results suggest that meaningful participation plays a decisive role in shaping communication behaviors, rather than vocabulary size alone. These findings support socio-interactionist theory and provide empirical evidence for developing active support models in Vietnamese early childhood education.