Dạy học môn Toán ở tiểu học nhằm phát triển năng lực giải quyết vấn đề toán học cho học sinh

Tóm tắt

Mathematical problem-solving competence is a core component of mathematical competence and needs to be developed in students from the primary school level. However, current research mainly focuses on individual methods or aspects, while the degree of integration between lesson plan design and teaching organization in a unified process remains an issue requiring further in-depth research. Based on this, this paper proposes a teaching process for primary school mathematics aimed at developing students' mathematical problem-solving competence, consisting of four steps: Introduction (Warm-up & Lead-in), Problem solving and forming new knowledge, Practice, and Application. The proposed process is illustrated through teaching the lesson “Area of ​​a Triangle” (Mathematics 5), showing that students have many opportunities to form and develop manifestations of mathematical problem-solving competence when participating in problem-solving. During the teaching process, teachers need to create appropriate problem situations that are manageable but also “open-ended” to stimulate students' thinking and problem-solving; at the same time, they should focus on using open-ended questions to encourage students to discover and verify solutions to the problems themselves, thereby developing their mathematical problem-solving competence.