Thực trạng vận dụng phương pháp phân tích hành vi ứng dụng (ABA) trong can thiệp cho trẻ tự kỉ tại các trung tâm hỗ trợ phát triển giáo dục hòa nhập

Tóm tắt

Recently, intervention methods for children with autism such as Picture Exchange Method (PECS), Applied Behavior Analysis method (ABA) have been proved relatively effective. This study focuses on the ABA method, which is not only an intervention approach but also a comprehensive system of techniques and strategies grounded in the principles of behavior analysis. The research employs a semi-structured survey methodology, using questionnaires and interview questions (conducted with two experts), discussions with teachers at inclusive education support centers, and a case study involving one child with autism at the Vietnam Friendship Village. This study aims to examine the awareness and ability to apply the ABA method at inclusive education support centers in Hanoi. Survey results indicate that the teachers perceived ABA as a method that alters behavior by addressing antecedents and consequences of the child's actions. The most frequently used technique by teachers is “observing and recording the frequency of the child’s behavior (event recording)”. The primary challenge faced by teachers is that “ABA is implemented in small, discrete steps, leading to fragmentation”. The paper proposes solutions for applying ABA in practical interventions, including collaboration with families for behavior management and integrating ABA with other intervention techniques to enhance the effectiveness of care and support for children with autism. The widespread application of ABA in intervention for children with autism also contributes to raising awareness and supporting families in their journey with their children.